We find that none of the wolf lineages from the hypothesized domestication centers is supported as the source lineage for dogs, and that dogs and wolves diverged 11,000–16,000 years ago in a process involving extensive admixture and that was followed by a bottleneck in wolves. To investigate dog origins, we sequence three wolf genomes from the putative centers of origin, two basal dog breeds (Basenji and Dingo), and a golden jackal as an outgroup. The process of dog domestication is still poorly understood, largely because no studies thus far have leveraged deeply sequenced whole genomes from wolves and dogs to simultaneously evaluate support for the proposed source regions: East Asia, the Middle East, and Europe. This result, in combination with dog-wolf admixture during the process of domestication, suggests that a re-evaluation of past hypotheses regarding dog origins is necessary. Regarding the geographic origin of dogs, we find that, surprisingly, none of the extant wolf lineages from putative domestication centers is more closely related to dogs, and, instead, the sampled wolves form a sister monophyletic clade. In conjunction with the estimated timing of dog origins, these results provide additional support to archaeological finds, suggesting the earliest dogs arose alongside hunter-gathers rather than agriculturists. We find standing variation for amylase copy number variation in wolves and little or no copy number increase in the Dingo and Husky lineages. In light of this finding, we expand upon previous work regarding the increase in copy number of the amylase gene ( AMY2B) in dogs, which is believed to have aided digestion of starch in agricultural refuse. We narrow the plausible range for the date of initial dog domestication to an interval spanning 11–16 thousand years ago, predating the rise of agriculture. A sharp bottleneck in wolves occurred soon after their divergence from dogs, implying that the pool of diversity from which dogs arose was substantially larger than represented by modern wolf populations. In dogs, the domestication bottleneck involved at least a 16-fold reduction in population size, a much more severe bottleneck than estimated previously. Analysis of these sequences supports a demographic model in which dogs and wolves diverged through a dynamic process involving population bottlenecks in both lineages and post-divergence gene flow. To identify genetic changes underlying dog domestication and reconstruct their early evolutionary history, we generated high-quality genome sequences from three gray wolves, one from each of the three putative centers of dog domestication, two basal dog lineages (Basenji and Dingo) and a golden jackal as an outgroup.
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Enter it a fourth time to disable the code. The code can be entered up to three times to increase its effect. Right, X, A, Left, RB, RT, Left, Right, Right, LB, LB, LB. LB, RB, X, RB, Left, RT, RB, Left, X, Right, LB, LB. Left, Left, LB, Right, Right, RT, Left, LT, Right. Left, Left, Y, Y, Right, Right Left, Right, X, RB, RT.ĭon't miss: Rare Illness Sickens Several at a California Party Serving Raw Meat Contaminated With Worm Larvae Faster swim Recharge special abilityĪ, A, X, RB, LB, A, Right, Left, A. RB, RB, B, RT, Left, Right, Left, Right, Left, Right. RB, RB, B, RT, Right, Left, Right, Left, Right, Left. Y, RT, Left, LB, A, Right, Y, Down, X, LB LB LB Lower wanted level Full health and armorī, LB, Y, RT, A, X, B, Right, X, LB LB LB. Right, A, Right, Left, Right, RB, Right, Left, A, Y to be invincible for five minutes. Check out all the latest GTA V Xbox One Cheats below. 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But as with those CYOA novels, you find the quality to be uneven, since Penguin started pumping the books out on a monthly schedule when they became a British playground craze. You find Fighting Fantasy to be a little more diverse than its title suggests there are superhero adventures, samurai adventures, space adventures. Many of them have now been converted to apps. You fought monsters and solved puzzles as part of your quests. Fighting Fantasy was a series of more than 50 tomes that added the Dungeons & Dragons elements of dice and character scores (for skill, stamina, luck). What came 40 years later in the UK wasn't exactly Borges, but certainly influenced Black Mirror creator Charlie Brooker more than the old-school CYOAs. The great Jorge Luis Borges was the first to tinker with the concept in his 1941 short story "The Garden of Forking Paths," which described a novel with infinite variations. In love with the notion of a giant, meaty, interactive novel that can drive you mad with endless choices? You're not alone. On the other hand, there's a whole world of role-playing video games, many of which give you multiple conversation options, CYOA style. Maybe you should just go straight to the source. Spooky stuff! No wonder there are seven sequel apps starring Taylor.Īs you research further, you can't help notice that a lot of the most critically acclaimed CYOA apps, such as the Sorcery! series, were based on gamebooks from the 1980s. If you have an Apple Watch, he will ping you on that when he's ready. Taylor goes off and conducts his tasks in real time. Or Lifeline, an innovative, atmospheric tale in which you have to text assistance to Taylor, the survivor of a spaceship crash on a far-off planet. Or Alter Ego, a text-based "life simulation game" that takes you back to the womb over and over. Such as Reigns, a very casual stripped-down medieval romp that has lately introduced a Game of Thrones version. There is the occasional diamond in the rough, though. Damn, you think, I wish someone had written an article that sifted through all this nonsense for me. You fire up Choices, and your first choice is between "young adult, romance or vampire." Episode recommends you start on "The K*ss List," a story in which your goal is to kiss 10 of the hottest singles in high school.Įlsewhere in Apple's storehouse of stories, there's a lot of fantasy dreck written by amateurs. They look interchangeable, seem popular with the Twilight demographic, and are content to stay there. The biggest interactive fiction apps, with millions of downloads each, are Choices, What's Your Story, and Episode. if you like cheesy comics for tweens, that is. Your reasoning - that if you can think of it, there's probably an app for it already - turns out to be sound. You tap on the App Store and search for interactive fiction. Would you do that? Credit: episode interactive If you're enjoying tapping on your tablet, go to #2. If you're still feeling visually driven and want to find out what's up with interactive comic books, go to #5. It turns out to merely provide different ways of arranging half-hour chunks of what was, sadly, a pretty dull story. You're sure it sounded edgy and subtle in the pitch meeting, but post- Bandersnatch, ain't nobody got time for that.Īs a Hail Mary move you decide to try Mosaic, the interactive video app that came with Steven Soderbergh's 2017 HBO murder mystery of the same name. Which is, simultaneously, creepy and not nearly interactive enough. Supposedly the show watches who or what you decided to focus on - even if you're just clicking between windows to stave off boredom - and that makes some kind of difference in later episodes. And you wait, through some pretty terrible acting, for an actual choice to appear. You are encouraged to click between the floating chat windows. You click on the first episode, which is full of hackers talking to each other on video chat. You try Eko's prestige project with MGM, a 21st century remake of the 1983 Matthew Broderick movie War Games. Same goes for Possibillia, Eko's trippy 8-minute movie about a relationship discussion that splits into multiple alternate realities. But there's only so many times you can throw yourself into cringe-worthy dates before it becomes old (or too real). Instantly enjoy rich JBL sound on your smartphone - without pairing. Now with JBL Soundboost Powerful sound with one click: Just clip on the magnetic JBL SoundBoost Mod, turn up the volume and the party can begin. the torch with two hacking movements downwards. 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Google's disinterest in Chrome Web Store metrics may have something to do with it not being a profit center like Apple's App Store or Google Play – which both Apple and Google celebrate for their revenue generation. Comparing these numbers isn't straightforward – Google doesn't publish store data so third parties devise their own counting methods.Ībout two dozen Chrome extensions have over 10 million users, but most (about 87 per cent) had fewer than 1,000 installs in 2019, according to Extension Monitor, a now-defunct service. Today, that figure is said to be almost 114,000. The estimated number of browser extensions in the Chrome Web Store as of two years ago ranged between about 156,000 and 190,000. "We've been very pleased with the close collaboration established between Google’s Chrome Extensions Team and our own engineering team to ensure that ad-blocking extensions will still be available after Manifest v3 takes effect." A numbers game Google points to past endorsements, such as remarks provided by Sofia Lindberg, tech lead of ad amelioration biz Eyeo, which makes Adblock Plus. The internet titan, which declined to comment on the record, maintains that Mv3 aims to improve privacy by limiting extensions' access to sensitive data and that it has been working with extension developers to balance their needs with those of users. Google argues otherwise and maintains its platform renovation will meet developers' needs, including those making tools for content blocking and privacy. It's that Manifest v3 caps the certain capabilities of extensions and cuts off innovation potential." "If you asked me if we can have a Manifest v3 version of Privacy Badger, my answer is yes, we can and we will," said Alexei Miagkov, senior staff technologist at the Electronic Frontier Foundation, in a phone interview with The Register. Manifest v3 caps the certain capabilities of extensions and cuts off innovation potential Browser extensions such as Ghostery Privacy Ad Blocker, uBlock Origin, and Privacy Badger, along with scripting extensions including TamperMonkey, which are each designed to block adverts and other content and/or protect one's privacy online, are expected to function less effectively, if they can even make the transition from Mv2 to the new approach: Manifest v3. I think the tartness of raspberries will help cut through some of the sweetness and provide a more balanced flavor. In the future, I plan to drizzle a raspberry compote and garnish with fresh raspberries. It also gave it more of a cheesecake appearance. The crust becomes a little thicker and holds together better. I used a slightly smaller springform pan instead of a fluted tart pan and found that it helped with the crust/butter issues some people have mentioned. This is a really fantastic dessert that I plan to make many more times in the future however, I would classify this more as a flourless chocolate torte than a chocolate tart. Think would be really good with a raspberry coulis. BUT as others have noted, WAY too much butter in the crust. This was very good - so rich and chocolaty. The recipe says to use chocolate no more than 65%, but I can only ever find 70% and it works out just fine. If you use chocolate baking crumbs you may not need to add sugar. I always find I end up with not quite enough crumb mixture for the crust, so I would probably increase the amount by 1/3-1/2 (possibly keeping the amount of butter the same). Overall DELICIOUS! Making it for a Thanksgiving dessert!Ī family favourite. The whipped cream will cut through the chocolate. Next time I will reduce the amount of butter in the crust also it needs a lightly sweetened whipped cream. I have 2 comments other reviews mentioned too much butter in the crust mixture-agreed. It was my mistake but did not deter f rom its deliciousness. I over baked the filling I baked it for 18 minutes and that was too long. If I did not make it myself I would havre thought it had been purchased at Magnolia Bakery in NYC. Whipped cream, Créme Anglaise, vanilla ice cream or melted vanilla ice cream are a must. I actually would have preferred about 50% more crust to both add stability and a bit more texture difference to the filling. So, I went with a chocolate wafer and the same recipe for the crust. No chocolate grahams in any of the 5 stores that I visited. Good tart although I was forced to make one adjustment. I use 9" tart pan and smaller, individual tart pans. A few raspberries, whipped cream, sea salt and/or salted caramel (on the top or side) would be a plus to cut through the richness. Learning how to make mini tarts will change up your dessert game, for the better.This tasted amazing!! Especially the crust! Tip for those who can’t find chocolate Graham crackers - I used chocolate teddy Graham’s (because I couldn’t find them either) and they work great as well. You can’t go wrong with the Tropical Passion Fruit Tartlets. If you are in the mood for something more traditional, bake up some Butter Tarts or Pecan Tassies. There are so many more options out there for you to try but this list is a great place to start. With the crumbly crust, sweet fillings, and all of the amazing toppings, it was hard to narrow down this list to just 12 mini tart recipes. Next time you have some guests over for dinner and don’t know what to make for dessert, whip up some sweet mini tarts and everyone will be thrilled to not have to share their cute little mini tart. These bite sized desserts are like treating yourself to a mini pie, but without the top crust on it. When you are exploring the world of mini tart recipes, the options are endless! But only one survivor… What a minute! 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